[Science ★★★★]
(P1) For tens of thousands of years, the secrets of France’s Bruniquel Cave went unknown, its mouth closed off by a rock slide. That began to change in the late ’80s, the Atlantic reported, when a boy named Bruno Kowalsczewski started clearing away what obstructed the opening; three years later, in 1990, the then-15-year-old’s 100-foot path allowed local cavers entry. One caver made it more than 1,000 feet in and found something wild: two stone rings up to 16 inches high intentionally made from pieces of chopped-up stalagmites (pillar-shaped mineral deposits that stick up from the ground), probably by Neanderthals some 176,500 years ago, scientists now say. A press release notes “until now the oldest formally proven cave use dated back only 38,000 years.”
(P2) While previous research had suggested the structures predated the arrival of modern humans in Europe around 45,000 years ago, the AP reports the notion that Neanderthals could have made them didn’t fit long-held assumptions that these early humans were incapable of the kind of complex behavior necessary to work underground. “Their presence at [1,102 feet] from the entrance of the cave indicates that humans from this period had already mastered the underground environment, which can be considered a major step in human modernity,” the researchers concluded in a study published online Wednesday in the journal Nature. The authors said the purpose of the oval structures—measuring 172 square feet and 25 square feet—is still a matter of speculation, though they may have served some symbolic or ritual purpose.
WORDS: 251
SOURCE: http://www.newser.com/story/225710/deep-in-a-cave-neanderthals-did-something-remarkable.html
VOCABULARY: cavers, stalagmites, pillar, neanderthals, predated, notion, assumptions, incapable, modernity, oval, ritual
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
If you found the passage difficult to read or had problems understanding specific words or idiomatic expressions, please discuss them with your tutor. The following discussion questions should be answered in your own words and with your own arguments.
- Briefly, summarize the content of the article in your own words.
- Would you travel into a cave alone? Why or why not?
- Would you like to live in a cave? Why or why not?
- Why do you think people lived in caves?
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
- What’s the name of this underground area that was unknown for many years?
- One person reached 1000 plus feet into the cave? (T or F)
- The oval designs were probably used for what 2 functions?
EXPRESSIONS or PHRASES:
What do the following expressions or phrases mean?
- Closed off (P1)
- Rock slide (P1)
- Chopped-up (P1)
- Pillar-shaped (P1)
- Stick up (p1)
- Press release (P1)
- Long-held (P2)
Image source: © Etienne FABRE – SSAC. http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/communique/4563.htm